Create Deductions: Use Your Vacation Home for Business Lodging
Here’s good news: the properly used business vacation home or condo does not suffer from
the vacation-home rules,
the passive-loss rules, or
the entertainment-facility rules.
In these days of COVID-19, you may have solid reasons to use your vacation home or condo for two purposes only, which are
personal pleasure, and
business lodging.
How Business Use Escapes the Dreaded Vacation-Home Rules
Do you use your business vacation home or condo solely for business lodging? If so, you escape the vacation-home rules and may deduct your business-lodging costs. The law is very clear on this. The vacation-home section of the tax law, Section 280A(f)(4), states that nothing in the vacation-home rules shall disallow any business deduction for business travel.
Example 1. You use your beach home for overnight business lodging 37 times during the year. You have no personal or rental use of the beach home. Your beach home is a 100 percent business asset and deductible as such.
One exception to this business-lodging rule. The law does not grant the business-lodging exception to landlords who rent dwelling units. If you have apartment buildings or other residential rentals, staying at your vacation home or condo to look after your rentals does not let you escape the unfavorable vacation-home rules.
Example 2. Fred uses his beach home for 70 nights of business lodging and 30 nights of personal lodging. He has a 70 percent business-use beach home and a 30 percent personal-use beach home.
Planning note. Fred has his tax home where he regularly works, in New Jersey. He travels to his South Carolina beach home location to conduct business in South Carolina. His business activity is what makes his overnight stays at the beach home business stays.
How Rental Use Changes the Landscape
If you rent the vacation home or condo, you really change the tax picture. For example, if you use the vacation home or condo for personal, business, and rental purposes, you could trigger
vacation-home rules that require a split between the rental- and personal-use deductions;
vacation-home rules that classify the rental part of your property as either a personal residence or a rental property;
loss of tax-favored hotel status for qualified rentals; and
passive-loss rules that defer current tax benefits to future years.
Looking at this list, you might ask, “How can I avoid all these additional considerations and still rent out the vacation home or condo?” Answer: rent for 14 days or less. Technically, that works.
Build Proof
In addition to keeping receipts for the business condo’s expenses and improvements, you need to prove how many nights you slept in the vacation home or condo for both business and personal purposes.
Notations on your business and personal calendars are helpful but not conclusive. For your business activities, you want proof of why you had to be at the beach home.
Example 3. Sara sells real estate at both her tax and beach home locations. She tracks her prospects and activities at each location.
Do as Sara does. Also, keep your eyes open for third-party and other corroborative evidence of use. Do you have emails, letters, and other proof of why you had to travel to the beach home? If so, print the emails and save them along with the written letters in your tax file.
Do you have evidence of being in the area, such as gas, grocery, and dining receipts? Proving use of your business condo is easy and takes very little time. Documentation is essential. Don’t pass over this critical step.
Ownership
Do you own the vacation home or condo in your personal name?
If so, and you operate as a
proprietorship or LLC taxed as a proprietorship, no problem. Simply treat the business percentage as business expenses on your Schedule C.
corporation, submit an expense report to the corporation to obtain reimbursement.
Why not use a rental arrangement with your corporation? Because you are an employee who likely uses the vacation home or condo for more than 14 days of personal use, you want to avoid a rental arrangement that could cost you your depreciation, repairs, and similar deductions. The reimbursement method works and creates no complications. Use it.
If the corporation owns the vacation home or condo, you should reimburse the corporation for your personal use so as to avoid the monies showing on your W-2 and costing you payroll taxes.
